Origins of agriculture and livestock in the Near East

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But this research team has been regularly carrying out archaeological excavations aimed at this line of research for thirty years. First it was in Syria, then in Turkey, always with a similar objective: to contribute through archaeological analysis to establish the origin of agriculture and its impact on archaic human societies [] . The choice of the Middle East is not accidental, as is known, it is in this part of the world where the cultivation of cereals and legumes and animal domestication took place for the first time. That is, the oldest and thanks to an indigenous transformation process. But at the same time it constitutes an ideal region to analyze the global nature of the phenomenon since this economic transformation is accompanied or generates a wide set of social and cultural transformations, affecting all areas of society (sedentary lifestyle, demographic growth, technology, forms of of life, symbology,…). In summary, the set of transformations that constitute a “revolution” or a historical event considered the most decisive for humanity from its appearance until the industrial revolution.

The project study area is located in the area known as Upper Mesopotamia and includes the current countries of Syria, Turkey and Iraq. The objectives of the work carried out focus on the study of the neolithization processes B2B Email List associated with agricultural and livestock domestication, sedentary lifestyle and structuring of towns until the formation of the first urban structures. This scope of analysis includes chronologies spanning from , cal BC [acronym for calibrated before Christ ] to , cal BC, and includes the cultural groups of the last hunter-gatherers (Natufian), the first farmers and ranchers (Preceramic Neolithic A and B, the Ceramic Neolithic, and the approximation to the consolidated ones of the Hassuna, Samarra, Halaf and Obeid groups, until Uruk and the beginning of the Bronze Age ( Ninevite ).



Also highlight the specificity of the methodology used, that is, the combination of two interrelated work dynamics. On the one hand, the research activity in the excavation and analysis of the sites of the Near East, with the development of excavation projects that takes place with a certain continuity and always trying to respond to the hypotheses and questions generated. On the other hand, an interdisciplinary methodology that combines the disciplines that study both biotic and abiotic materials. Finally, collaboration with international teams, both European and with teams from universities in the Middle East, an aspect that facilitates the essential complementarity between basic research and training.